Muscle - Tissue Tables

SpeciesSpecies DetailCellsEnzyme(s)Medium Reference
Bovine Bovine Muscle satellite cells Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
 Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate Lee, E., Choi, J., Hyun, J., Cho, K., Hwang, I., Lee, H., Chang, J. and Choi, I.: Steroid Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Steroid Receptor Gene Expression in Adult Bovine Satellite Cells., AJAS 20, 501, 2007
Bovine Bovine Pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells Collagenase: 0.04-0.05%
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.04%
 RPMI-1640 Yu, M., McAndrew, R., Al-Saghir, R., Maier, K., Medhora, M., Roman, R. and Jacobs, E.: Nitric Oxide Contributes to 20-HETE-Induced Relaxation of Pulmonary Arteries., J Appl Physiol 93, 1391, 2002
Bovine Bovine Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Absher, M., Woodcock-Mitchell, J., Mitchell, J., Baldor, L., Low, R., and Warshaw, D.: Characterization of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype in Long-Term Culture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25 (2), 183, 1989
Bovine Bovine Vascular smooth muscle Elastase Type 3: 50 u/ml
 PSS Warshaw, D., Szarek, J., Hubbard, M., and Evans, J.: Pharmacology and Force Development of Single Freshly Isolated Bovine Cartoid Artery Smooth Muscle Cells, Circ Res 58, 399, 1986
Bovine Bovine Smooth muscle, fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.055%
 DMEM Davies, P. and Kerr, C.: Modification of LDL Metabolism by Growth Factors in Cultured Vascular Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts, Biochim Biophys Acta 712, 26, 1982
Canine Canine Skeletal muscle Collagenase Type 4: 200 u/ml
Neutral Protease: 1 u/ml
 DMEM Parker, M., Loretz, C., Tyler, A., Snider, L., Storb. R. and Tapscott, S.: Inhibition of CD26/DPP-IV Enhances Donor Muscle Cell Engraftment and Stimulates Sustained Donor Cell Proliferation., Skelet Muscle 2, 4, 2012
Canine Dog Smooth muscle Elastase: 50 u/ml
 PSS Subramanian, M., Madden, J., and Harder, D.: A Method for the Isolation of Cells from Arteries of Various Sizes, J Tiss Cul Meth 13, 13, 1991
Canine Dog, beagle, adult Smooth muscle
Vascular		 Elastase: 34 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution w/ calcium Wilde, D., and Lee, K.: Outward Potassium Currents in Freshly Isolated Smooth Muscle Cell of Dog Coronary Arteries, Circ Res 65, 1718, 1989
Canine Dog Artery
Carotid		 Elastase: 80 u/ml
 PSS Dobrin, P., and Canfield, T.: Elastase, Collagenase, and the Biaxial Elastic Properties of Dog Carotid Artery, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 247 (16), H124, 1984
Chicken Chicken, 1-2 day Gizzard and aorta smooth muscle Collagenase Type 1: 0.15%
 HBSS Dirksen W., Vladic F., and Fisher S.: A Myosin Phosphatase Targeting Subunit Isoform Transition Defines a Smooth Muscle Developmental Phenotypic Switch, Am J Physiol/Cell 278(3), C589, 2000
Chicken Chick Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.05% - 0.1%
 HBSS Chamley-Campbell, J., Campbell, G., and Ross, R.: The Smooth Muscle in Cell Culture, Physiol Res 59, 1, 1979
Chicken Chick, white leghorn, 12 day Muscle Trypsin: 0.25%
 Puck's saline A Bullaro, J., and Brookman, D.: Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Monolayer Cultures Initiated With Cells Dissociated by the Vortex and Trypsin Methods, In Vitro 12, 564, 1976
Chicken Chick, white leghorn, embryos, 11 day Muscle Trypsin: 0.05%
 Saline G Tepperman, K., Morris, G., Essien, F., and Heywood, S.M.: A Mechanical Dissociation Method For Preparation of Muscle Cell Cultures, J Cell Physiol 86, 561, 1975
Chicken Chick embryo Thyroid
Muscle
Heart		 Collagenase: 0.25%
 Tyrode's saline, potassium free Hilfer, S., and Brown, J.: Collagenase. Its Effectiveness as a Dispersing Agent for Embryonic Chick Thyroid and Heart, Exp Cell Res 65, 246, 1971
Chicken Chick, embryonic Muscle Trypsin: 0.1%
 CMF HBSS Hilfer, S.: Collagenase Treatment of Chick Heart and Thyroid,Tissue Cult Methods & Applications,Kruse, P., and Patterson, M., , 246, 1971
Chicken Chick embryonic Various tissues (heart, liver, skeletal, cardiac) Trypsin: various grades
 CMF Tyrode's solution Rinaldini, L.: An Improved Method for the Isolation and Quantitative Cultivation of Embryonic Cells, Exp Cell Res 16, 477, 1959
Feline Cat, adult mongrel, either sex, 2.5-4.0 kg Cerebral arteries Elastase: 50 u/ml
 Puck's solution Madden, J., Vadula, M., and Kurup, V.: Effects of Hypoxia and Other Vasoactive Agents on Pulmonary and Cerebral Artery Smooth Muscle Cells, Am J Physiol 263, L384, 1992
Feline Cat, mongrel, adult, 2-4 kg Myocytes Collagenase: 0.12%
 Kreb's Henseleit, CF Follmer, C.H., Ten Eick, R.E., and Yeh, J.Z.: Sodium Current Kinetics in Cat Atrial Myocytes, J Physiol 384, 169, 1987
Fish Zebrafish Myogenic progenitor Collagenase Type 4: 0.5%
Neutral Protease: 1.2 u/ml
 PBS Alexander, M., Kawahara, G., Kho, A., Howell, M., Pusack, T., Myers, J., Montanaro, F., Zon, L., Guyon, J. and Kunkel, L.: Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Adult Zebrafish Cells Enriched for Skeletal Muscle Progenitors., Muscle Nerve 43, 741-50, 2011
Fish Dogfish, Squalus acanthias , 2-6 Kg
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, frog)		 Myocytes, heart and stomach Protease XIV: 0.028%
 Solution C
(see reference)		 Mitra, R. and Morad, M.: A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates, Am J Physiol 249, H1056, 1985
Frog Frog, Xenopus laevis, embryos stage 17 & 19 Muscle Collagenase: 0.10%
 Steinberg's solution Stollberg, J. and Fraser, S.: Acetylcholine Receptors and Con A-Binding Sites on Xenopus Muscle Cells, J Cell Biol 107, 1397, 1988
Frog Frog Myocytes Trypsin: 0.1%
 CF Ringer Shepherd, N. and Kavaler, F.: Direct Control of Contraction Force of Single Frog Atrial Cells by Extracellular Ions, Am J Physiol 251, C653, 1986
Frog Frog, Rana pipiens (50-100 g)
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, dogfish, Squalus acanthias )		 Myocytes, heart and stomach Protease XIV: 0.028%
 Solution C
(see reference)		 Mitra, R. and Morad, M.: A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates, Am J Physiol 249, H1056, 1985
Frog Frog, Xenopus laevis Muscle Trypsin: 0.5%
 L15 medium
(see reference)		 Anderson, M.J., Cohen, M.W., and Zorychta, E.: Effects of Innervation on the Distribution of Acetylcholine Receptors on Cultured Muscle Cells, J Physiol 268, 731, 1977
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig Bladder smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1-0.2%
 Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate Shieh CC, Feng J, Buckner SA, Brioni JD, Coghlan MJ, Sullivan JP, Gopalakrishnan M: Functional implication of spare ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in bladder smooth muscle cells, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 296, 669-75, 2001
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, 200-380 g Capillaries
Myocytes		 Collagenase Type 2: 0.15%
 CF solution Schnitzler, M., Derst, C., Daut, J., and Preisig-Muller, R.: ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Capillaries Isolated From Guinea-Pig Heart, J Physiol 525 (2), 307, 2000
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, 2-4 wk old, male, female Smooth muscle
Gallbladder		 Papain: 0.1%
 Krebs solution Firth, T., Mawe, G., and Nelson, M.: Pharmacology and Modulation of KATP Channels by Protein Kinase C and Phosphatates in Gallbladder Smooth Muscle, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 278, C1031, 2000
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, adult, 250-350 g Smooth muscle
Gallbladder		 Papain: 0.1%
 NaCl, sodium glutamate, MgCl, KCl, glucose, Kreb's, and HEPES Jennings, L., Xu, Q., Firth, T., Nelson, M., and Mawe, G.: Cholesterol Inhibits Spontaneous Action Potentials and Calcium Currents in Guinea Pig Gallbladder Smooth Muscle, Am J Physiol 277, G1017, 1999
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, Dunkin-Hartley, female Myocytes Protease:
DMEM Ryder, K., Bryant, S., and Hart, G.: Membrane Current Changes in Left Ventricular Myocytes Isolated From Guinea-Pigs After Abdominal Aortic Coarctation, Cardiovasc Res 27, 1278, 1993
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig
(also rat, rabbit)		 Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.1%
 Potassium buffer solution Hu, S., and Kim, H.: Activation of K+ Channel in Vascular Smooth Muscle by Cytochrome P-450 Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid, FASEB J 6, A383, 1992
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, 200-300 g Smooth muscle
Mesenteric artery		 Collagenase: 0.3%
 CF solution Ohya, Y. and Sperelakis, N.: ATP Regulation of the Slow Calcium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Circ Res 64, 145, 1989
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, 200-400 g
(also rabbit, frog, dogfish)		 Myocytes, heart and stomach Protease XIV: 0.028%
 Solution C
(see reference)		 Mitra, R. and Morad, M.: A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates, Am J Physiol 249, H1056, 1985
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, prepubertal Smooth muscle
Aortic		 Trypsin: 0.05%
 Dulbecco-Vogt modification of Eagle's Ross, R.: The Smooth Muscle Cell . II. Growth of Smooth Muscle in Culture and Formation of Elastic Fibers, J Cell Biol 50, 172, 1971
Hamster Hamster, male, 60-70 day Satellite Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Nakamura, T., Iwata, Y., Sampaolesi, M., Hanada, H., Saito, N., Artman, M., Coetzee, W., and Shigekawa, M.: Stretch-Activated Cation Channels in Skeletal Muscle Myotubes From Sarcoglycan-Deficient Hamsters, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281, C690, 2001
Human Human Bladder smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1-0.2%
Papain: 0.1-0.2%
 Digestion solution (see reference) Malysz, J., Rovner, E., Wake, R. and Petkov, G.: Preparation and Utilization of Freshly Isolated Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle Cells for Characterization of 9-Phenanthrol-Sensitive Cation Currents., J Vis Exp , , 2020
Human Human Muscle satellite Collagenase: 0.1%
Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Garcia, S., Tamaki, S., Lee, S., Wong, A., Jose, A., Dreux, J., Kouklis, G., Sbitany, H., Seth, R., Knott, P., Heaton, C., Ryan, W., Kim, E., Hansen, S., Hoffman, W. and Pomerantz, J.: High-Yield Purification, Preservation, and Serial Transplantation of Human Satellite Cells., Stem Cell Reports 10, 1160-1174, 2018
Human Human Skeletal muscle stem Collagenase Type 2: 750 u/ml
Neutral Protease: 2 u/ml
 Ham's F10 Charville, G., Cheung, T., Yoo, B., Santos, P., Lee, G., Shrager, J. and Rando, T.: Ex Vivo Expansion and In Vivo Self-Renewal of Human Muscle Stem Cells., Stem Cell Reports 5, 621, 2015
Human Human Smooth muscle Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 DMEM Lu, S., Sun, X., Hong, T., Song, K., Yang, S. and Wang, C.: Isolation and Culture of Smooth Muscle Cells from Human Acute Type A Aortic Dissection., J Cardiothorac Surg 8, 83, 2013
Human Human, male Myogenic Collagenase Type 4: 0.1%
Neutral Protease: 2.4 u/ml
 HBSS Stadler, G., Chen, J., Wagner, K., Robin, J., Shay, J., Emerson, C. and Wright, W.: Establishment of Clonal Myogenic Cell Lines from Severely Affected Dystrophic Muscles - CDK4 Maintains the Myogenic Population., Skelet Muscle 1, 12, 2011
Human Human Muscle derived multiprogenitor cells Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 DMEM Nesti, L., Jackson, W., Shanti, R., Koehler, S., Aragon, A., Bailey, J., Sracic, M., Freedman, B., Giuliani, J. and Tuan, R.: Differentiation Potential of Multipotent Progenitor Cells Derived from War-Traumatized Muscle Tissue., J Bone Joint Surg Am 90, 2390, 2008
Human Human Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
 HBSS Moss, S., Bates, M., Parrino, P. and Woods, TC.: Isolation of Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Internal Mammary Artery Tissue., Ochsner J 7, 133, 2007
Human Human Urinary tract smooth muscle Collagenase Type 4: 100 u/ml
 DMEM Kimuli, M., Eardley, I. and Southgate, J.: In Vitro Assessment of Decellularized Porcine Dermis as a Matrix for Urinary Tract Reconstruction., BJU Int 94, 859, 2004
Human Human, female Smooth muscle
Myometrial		 Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.015% and 0.007%
 HBSS Richardson, M., Taylor, D., Casey, M., MacDonald, P., and Stull, J.: Biochemical Markers of Contraction in Human Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 23, 21, 1987
Human Human, female Smooth muscle
Myometrial		 Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.12%
 HBSS Casey, M., MacDonald, P., Mitchell, M., and Snyder, J.: Maintenance and Characterization of Human Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells in Monolayer Culture, In Vitro 20, 396, 1984
Human Human, fetal
(also bovine)		 Smooth muscle, fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.055%
 DMEM Davies, P. and Kerr, C.: Modification of LDL Metabolism by Growth Factors in Cultured Vascular Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts, Biochim Biophys Acta 712, 26, 1982
Human Human Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Eskin, S., Sybers, H., Lester, J., Navarro, L., Gotto, A., and DeBakey, M.: Human Smooth Muscle Cells Cultured From Atherosclerotic Plaques and Uninvolved Vessel Wall, In Vitro 17 (8), 713, 1981
Human Human
(also rat, guinea-pig, chick, monkey)		 Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.05% - 0.1%
 HBSS Chamley-Campbell, J., Campbell, G., and Ross, R.: The Smooth Muscle in Cell Culture, Physiol Res 59, 1, 1979
Lizard Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) Myoblasts, tail Collagenase: 0.2%
 GM III
(see reference)		 Cox, P., and Simpson, Jr., S.: A Microphotometric STudy of Myogenic Lizard Cells Grown in Vitro, Dev Biol 23, 433, 1970
Monkey Monkey (Macaca nemestrina) Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.05%
 Dulbecco-Vogt Chait, A., Ross, R., Albers, J., and Bierman, E.: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Stimulates Activity of LDL Receptors, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77, 4084, 1980
Monkey Rhesus monkey, 1 year
(also human, rabbits)		 Smooth muscle, saphenous vein Elastase: 0.05%
 BSS Chamley, J., Campbell, G., McConnell, J., and Groschel-Stewart, U.: Comparison of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Adult Human, Monkey and Rabbit in Primary Culture and in Subculture, Cell Tissue Res 177, 503, 1977
Mouse Myofiber Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
 DMEM Huttner,S., Ahrens, H., Schmidt, M., Henze, H., Jung, M., Schuler. S. and von Maltzahn, J.: Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and Their Adjacent Muscle Stem Cells from Aged and Adult Skeletal Muscle., Methods Mol Biol , , 2019
Mouse Mouse Extraocular muscles Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
Collagenase Type 2: 0.03-0.2%
Elastase: 0.0125-0.1%
 Ringer Eckhardt, J., Bachmann, C., Sekulic-Jablanovic, M., Enzmann, V., Park, K., Ma, J., Takeshima, H., Zorzato, F. and Treves, S.: Extraocular Muscle Function is Impaired in ryr3−/− Mice, J Gen Physiol 151, 929-943, 2019
Mouse Mouse, 6-8 week vascular smooth muscle Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.75 u/ml
 DMEM/F12 Sachdeva, J., Mahajan, A., Cheng, J., Baeten, J., Lilly, B., Kuivaniemi, H. and Hans, C.: Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific Notch1 Haploinsufficiency Restricts the Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Modulating CTGF Expression., PLoS ONE 12, e0178538, 2017
Mouse Mouse, GFP transgenic Muscle derived NLSC Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
 DMEM Birbrair, A, Sattiraju, A, Zhu, D, Zulato, G, Batista, I, Nguyen, V, Messi M, Solingapuram Sai, K, Marini, F, Delbono, O and Mintz, A.: Novel Peripherally Derived Neural-Like Stem Cells as Therapeutic Carriers for Treating Glioblastomas., Stem Cells Transl Med , , 2016
Mouse Mouse, 2-4 month Pharyngeal myofiber Collagenase Type 1: 400-800 u/ml
 DMEM Randolph, M., Phillips, B., Choo, H., Vest, K., Vera, Y. and Pavlath, G.: Pharyngeal Satellite Cells Undergo Myogenesis Under Basal Conditions and Are Required for Pharyngeal Muscle Maintenance., Stem Cells 33, 3581-95, 2015
Mouse Mouse, 2 month Myoblasts Collagenase Type 2: 400 u/ml
Neutral Protease: 0.5 u/ml
 Hams F-10 Abou-Khalil, R., Yang, F., Lieu, S., Julien, A., Perry, J., Pereira, C., Relaix, F., Miclau, T., Marcucio, R. and Colnot, C.: Role of Muscle Stem Cells During Skeletal Regeneration., Stem Cells 33, 1501-11, 2015
Mouse Mouse, 6-8 week Myofibers Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
 DMEM Pasut, A., Jones, A. and Rudnicki, M.: Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and their Satellite Cells from Adult Skeletal Muscle., J Vis Exp 73, e50074, 2013
Mouse Mouse Vascular smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.14%
 Basal Culture Metz, R., Patterson, J. and Wilson, E.: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Isolation, Culture, and Characterization., Methods Mol Biol 843, 169, 2012
Mouse Mouse, 10 week Diaphragm cells Collagenase Type 2: 100 u/ml
Pronase: 0.125%
 PBS Rezk, B., Yoshida, T., Semprun-Prieto, L., Higashi, Y., Sukhanov, S. and Delafontaine, P.: Angiotensin II Infusion Induces Marked Diaphragmatic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy., PLoS ONE 7, e30276, 2012
Mouse Mouse Skeletal muscle fiber Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
 Tyrode Weisleder, N., Zhou, J. and Ma, J.: Detection of Calcium Sparks in Intact and Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers., Methods Mol Biol 798, 395, 2012
Mouse Mouse Myoblast Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
 DMEM Shi, H., Boadu, E., Mercan, F., Le, A., Roth Flach, R., Zhang, L., Tyner, K., Olwin, B. and Bennett, A.: MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 Deficiency Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Exacerbates Muscular Dystrophy., FASEB J 24, 2985, 2010
Mouse Mouse, 1-25 month Myocytes, endothelial Neutral Protease: 1.2 u/ml
Collagenase Type 4: 0.2%
 PBS Ieronimakis Nicholas, Balasundaram Gayathri, Reyes Morayma: Direct isolation, culture and transplant of mouse skeletal muscle derived endothelial cells with angiogenic potential, PLoS ONE 3, e0001753, 2008
Mouse Mouse, 15-20 day Intersitial cells of Cajal Collagenase Type 2: 0.13%
 M199 Li CX, Liu BH, Tong WD, Zhang LY, and Jiang YP: Dissociation, culture and morphologic changes of interstitial cells of Cajal in vitro, World J Gastroenterol 11, 2838, 2005
Mouse Mouse, neonatal Skeletal muscle myotubes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Johnson, B., Scheuer, T. and Catterall, W.: Convergent Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Ca2+ Channels by Dystrophin, the Actin Cytoskeleton, and cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 4191, 2005
Mouse Mouse, male, 6-14 week Precursor cells Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%
 DMEM/F12 Winitsky, S., Gopal, T., Hassanzadeh, S., Takahashi, H., Gryder, D., Rogawski, M., Takeda, K., Yu, Z., Xu, Y. and Epstein, N.: Adult Murine Skeletal Muscle Contains Cells That Can Differentiate into Beating Cardiomyocytes In Vitro., PLoS Biol 3, e87, 2005
Mouse Mouse, 6-8 week Skeletal muscle progenitor Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
 DMEM Majka S., Jackson K., Kienstra K., Majesky M., Goodell M., and Hirschi K.: Distinct Progenitor Populations in Skeletal Muscle Are Bone Marrow Derived and Exhibit Different Cell Fates During Vascular Regeneration, J Clin Invest 111, 71, 2003
Mouse Mouse, neonatal Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.5%
 DMEM Fukada S., Miyagoe-Suzuki Y., Tsukihara H., Yuasa K., Higuchi S., Ono S., Tsujikawa K., Takeda S., and Yamamoto H.: Muscle Regeneration by Reconstitution with Bone Marrow or Fetal Liver Cells from Green Fluorescent Protein-gene Transgenic Mice, J Cell Sci 115, 1285, 2002
Mouse Mouse, 6-8 week Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
Trypsin: 0.25%
 HBSS McKinney-Freeman SL, Jackson KA, Camargo FD, Ferrari G, Mavilio F, Goodell MA.: Muscle-derived hematopoietic stem cells are hematopoietic in origin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 1341, 2002
Ovine Sheep, adult and neonatal Tracheal smooth muscle cells Papain: 0.2%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.1%
 MOPS-PSS Driska S., Laudadio R., Wolfson M., and Shaffer T.: A Method for Isolating Adult and Neonatal Airway Smooth Muscle Cells and Measuring Shortening Velocity, J Appl Physiol 86(1), 427, 1999
Porcine Porcine, postnatal Muscle satellite Trypsin: 0.25%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.01%
 Eagle MEM Miersch, C., Stange, K. and Rontgen, M.: Effects of Trypsinization and of a Combined Trypsin, Collagenase, and DNase Digestion on Liberation and in Vitro Function of Satellite Cells Isolated from Juvenile Porcine Muscles., In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 54, 406-412, 2018
Porcine Porcine, 2 month Skeletal muscle Collagenase: 10%
Neutral Protease: 0.3%
 HBSS Lewis, F., Henning, B., Marazzi, G., Sassoon, D., Ellison, G. and Nadal-Ginard, B.: Porcine Skeletal Muscle-Derived Multipotent PW1pos/Pax7neg Interstitial Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Long-Term Culture., Stem Cells Transl Med 3, 702-12, 2014
Porcine Porcine, male, 25-40 kg Coronary myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 294 u/ml
Elastase: 6.5 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.04%
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.1%
 low calcium physiological saline Korzick, D., Laughlin, M., and Bowles, D.: Alterations in PKC signaling underlie enhanced myogenic tone in exercise-trained porcine coronary resistance arteries, J Appl Physiol 96, 1425-32, 2004
Porcine Porcine, adult, 35-45 kg Arterial smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 294 u/ml
Elastase: 6.5 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.4 mg/ml
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 1 mg/ml
 MEM Wamhoff BR, Dixon JL, Sturek M: Atorvastatin treatment prevents alterations in coronary smooth muscle nuclear Ca2+ signaling in diabetic dyslipidemia, J Vasc Res 39, 208, 2002
Porcine Porcine, Yorkshire, 30kg Coronary smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
Elastase: 0.05%
 HBSS Sirous ZN, Fleming JB, Khalil RA: Endothelin-1 enhances eicosanoids-induced coronary smooth muscle contraction by activating specific protein kinase C isoforms, Hypertension 37, 497-504, 2001
Porcine Porcine Bladder smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1-0.2%
 Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate Shieh CC, Feng J, Buckner SA, Brioni JD, Coghlan MJ, Sullivan JP, Gopalakrishnan M: Functional implication of spare ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in bladder smooth muscle cells, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 296, 669-75, 2001
Porcine Porcine, juvenile, 30kg Coronary smooth muscle cells Collagenase: 0.3%
Elastase: 0.05%
 HBSS Huckle WR, Drag MD, Acker WR, Powers M, McFall RC, Holder DJ, Fujita T, Stabilito II, Kim D, Ondeyka DL, Mantlo NB, Chang RS, Reilly CF, Schwartz RS, Greenlee WJ, Johnson RG: Effects of subtype-selective and balanced angiotensin II receptor antagonists in a porcine coronary artery model of vascular restenosis, Circulation 93, 1009-19, 1996
Porcine Porcine Smooth muscle, aorta Collagenase: 0.3%
 DMEM Xiong, Yimin, Xu, Shangzhe, and Slakey, Linda L: Modulation of Response to Adenosine in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Cultured in Defined Medium, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 355, 1991
Porcine Porcine Smooth muscle
Aorta		 Trypsin: 0.05%
 EDTA 0.02% Breton, M., Berrou, E., Deudon, E. and Picard, J.: Changes in Proteoglycans of Cultured Pig Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells During Subculture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 157, 1990
Porcine Porcine Smooth muscle
Aortic medial tissue		 Collagenase: 0.30%
 DMEM Fehr, T., Dickinson, E., Goldman, S. and Slakey, L.: Cyclic AMP Efflux is Regulated by Occupancy of The Adenosine Receptor in Pig Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells, J Biol Chem 265, 10974, 1990
Quail Quail, embryo, 10 day Myoblasts Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Puck's solution Konigsberg, I.: Skeletal Myoblasts in Culture, Methods Enzymol LVIII, 511, 1979
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand Gastric smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.01%
 DMEM Al-Shboul, O., Mahavadi, S., Sriwai, W., Grider, J. and Murthy, K.: Differential Expression of Multidrug Resistance Protein 5 and Phosphodiesterase 5 and Regulation of cGMP Levels in Phasic and Tonic Smooth Muscle., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 305, G314-24, 2013
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand White Aortic smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Elastase: 5 u/ml
 F10 Ham's Croons Valerie, Martinet Wim, Herman Arnold G, Timmermans Jean-Pierre, De Meyer Guido R Y: Selective clearance of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 320, 986-93, 2007
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, male, 2.5-3.5 Kg Enterocytes Trypsin: 0.1%
 RPMI 1640 w/ 1% fetal bovine serum
PBS		 Santos, M., Nguyen, B.., Thompson, J.: Factors Affecting in Vitro Growth of Harvested Enterocytes, Cell Transplant 1, 299, 1992
Rabbit Rabbit
(also rat, guinea-pig)		 Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.1%
 Potassium buffer solution Hu, S., and Kim, H.: Activation of K+ Channel in Vascular Smooth Muscle by Cytochrome P-450 Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid, FASEB J 6, A383, 1992
Rabbit Rabbit, adult, 1-2 kg Smooth muscle Elastase: 0.17 - 0.25%
 Saline Benham, C., Bolton, T., Byrne, N., and Large, W.: Action of Extremely Applied Adenosine Triphosphate O Single Smooth Muscle Cells Dispersed From Rabbit Ear Artery, J Physiol 387, 473, 1987
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand white, 1500 g Smooth muscle, aortic Trypsin: 0.038%
 MEM Knodle, S., Anderson, S., and Papaioannou, S.: Large Scale Preparation of Rabbit Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells For Use in Calcium Uptake Studies, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 22, 23, 1986
Rabbit Rabbit, adult, 1-2 Kg Smooth muscle, ear artery Trypsin: 0.1%
 CF solution
(see reference)		 Benham, C.D., Bolton, T.B.: Spontaneous Transient Outward Currents in Single Visceral and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of the Rabbit, J Physiol 381, 385, 1986
Rabbit Rabbit, 0.5-1 Kg
(also guinea-pig, frog, dogfish)		 Myocytes, heart and stomach Protease XIV: 0.028%
 Solution C
(see reference)		 Mitra, R. and Morad, M.: A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates, Am J Physiol 249, H1056, 1985
Rabbit Rabbit, white New Zealand, adult, male, 2 Kg Smooth muscle, aorta Trypsin: 0.1%
 Krebs Ringer HEPES solution Ives, H., Schultz, G., Galardy, R., and Jamieson, J.: Preparation of Functional Smooth Muscle Cells from the Rabbit Aorta, J Exp Med 148, 1400, 1978
Rabbit Rabbits, New Zealand white albino, 5-6 months
(also human, Rhesus monkey, rabbit)		 Smooth muscle, saphenous vein Elastase: 0.05%
 BSS Chamley, J., Campbell, G., McConnell, J., and Groschel-Stewart, U.: Comparison of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Adult Human, Monkey and Rabbit in Primary Culture and in Subculture, Cell Tissue Res 177, 503, 1977
Rabbit Rabbit, chinchilla, 5-8 month, virgin, female, 2-3 kg Smooth muscle, aorta Hyaluronidase: 800 u/ml
 HBSS Peters, T., Muller, M., and deDuve, C.: Lysosomes of the Arterial Wall. I. Isolation and Subcellular Fractionation of Cells from Normal Rabbit Aorta, J Exp Med 136, 1117, 1972
Rabbit Rabbit, New England, albino Thoracic aorta Elastase: 0.008%
 Kreb's Ringer Day, A., Phil, D., and Newman, H.: Synthesis of Phospholipid by Foam Cells Isolated from Rabbit Atherosclerotic Lesions, Circ Res XIX, 122, 1966
Rat Rat, day 7 Skeletal muscle Collagenase: 0.05%
Neutral Protease: 0.35%
 DMEM Vilmont, V., Cadot, B., Ouanoumou, G. and Gomes, E.: A System for Studying Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Junction Development and Maintence, Development 143, 2464, 2016
Rat Rat, SD Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.05%
 Buffer Zeng, Y., Liu, H., Kang, K., Wang, Z., Hui, G., Zhang, X., Zhong, J., Peng, W., Ramchandran, R., Raj, J. and Gou, D.: Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Mediates Expression of miR-322: Potential Role in Proliferation and Migration of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells., Sci Rep 5, 12098, 2015
Rat Rat Skeletal muscle fiber Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
 Tyrode Weisleder, N., Zhou, J. and Ma, J.: Detection of Calcium Sparks in Intact and Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers., Methods Mol Biol 798, 395, 2012
Rat Rat Vascular smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.02%
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.01%
 DMEM Weber, S., Gratopp, A., Akanbi, S., Rheinlaender, C., Sallmon, H., Barikbin, P. and Koehne, P.: Isolation and Culture of Fibroblasts, Vascular Smooth Muscle, and Endothelial Cells From the Fetal Rat Ductus Arteriosus, Pediatr Res 70, 236, 2011
Rat Rat, fetal 17-18 day Myotubes Trypsin: 0.05%
 see reference Das, M., Rumsey, J., Bhargava, N., Stancescu, M. and Hickman, J.: Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: A Maturation Model Promoting Long-Term Survival of Myotubes, Structural Development of the Excitation-Contraction Coupling Apparatus and Neonatal Myosin Heavy Chain Expression., Biomaterials 30, 5392, 2009
Rat Rat Myogenic Collagenase Type 2: 1.0%
Neutral Protease: 2.4 u/ml
 Ham's F-10 Pacak, C. and Cowan, D.: Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs., J Vis Exp 27, e1137, 2009
Rat Rat myogenic Neutral Protease: 8 u/ml
Collagenase Type 4: 200 u/ml
 DMEM Larkin, L., Calve, S., Kostrominova, T. and Arruda, E.: Structure and Functional Evaluation of Tendon-Skeletal Muscle Constructs Engineered In Vitro., Tiss Eng 12, 3149-58, 2006
Rat Rat, Lewis, neonatal Myoblasts Collagenase Type 2: 1.0%
Neutral Protease: 2.4 u/ml
 Ham's F-10 Kim, J., Hadlock, T., Cheney, M., Varvares, M. and Marler, J.: Muscle Tissue Engineering for Partial Glossectomy Defects., Arch Facial Plast Surg 5, 403, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, adult and neonatal w/in 1 day of birth Myooids Neutral Protease: 4 u/ml
 Ham's F-12 Dennis, R., Kosnik II, P., Gilbert, M., and Faulkner, J.: Excitability and Contractility of Skeletal Muscle Engineered from Primary Cultures and Cell Lines, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280, C288, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, 3 month Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
Elastase: 0.04%
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.1%
 M-199 Su E., Stevenson S., Rollence M., Marshall-Neff J., and Liau G.: A Genetically Modified Adenoviral Vector Exhibits Enhanced Gene Transfer of Human Smooth Muscle Cells, J Vasc Res 38(5), 471, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, 250 g Arterial smooth muscle Papain: 0.03%
Collagenase: 0.1%
 see reference Jaggar JH: Intravascular pressure regulates local and global Ca(2+) signaling in cerebral artery smooth muscle cells, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281, C439-48, 2001
Rat Rat, Wistar, adult, male Smooth & skeletal muscle
Cardiac myocytes		 Protease: 0.01%
 PSS Wellman, G., Barrett-Jolley, R., Koppel, H. Everitt, D., and Quayle, J.: Inhibition of Vascular KATP Channels by U-37883A: A Comparison with Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle, Br J Pharmacol 128, 909, 1999
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-350 g Vascular smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.0125%
 DMEM Hrometz, S., Edelmann, S., McCune, D., Olges, J., Hadley, R., Perez ,D., and Piascik, M.: Expression of Multiple Alpha1-Adrenoceptors on Vascular Smooth Muscle: Correlation with the Regulation of Contraction, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 290(1), 452, 1999
Rat Rat, SD, male, 150-175 g Smooth muscle, endothelial Trypsin: 0.04%
 MEM Redmond, E., Cahill, P., and Sitzmann, J.: Perfused Transcapillary Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cell Co-Culture-A Novel In Vitro Model, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 31, 601, 1995
Rat Rat, Wistar Kyoto, 10-15 weeks Smooth muscle, mesenteric artery Trypsin: 0.05%
 MEM McGuire, P., Walker-Caprioglio, H., Little, S., and McGuffee, L.: Isolation and Culture of Rat Superior Mesenteric Artery Smooth Muscle Cells, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 29, 135, 1993
Rat Rat
(also rabbit, guinea-pig)		 Smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.1%
 Potassium buffer solution Hu, S., and Kim, H.: Activation of K+ Channel in Vascular Smooth Muscle by Cytochrome P-450 Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid, FASEB J 6, A383, 1992
Rat Rat, SD, 19 days Smooth muscle, myometrial Trypsin: 150 µg/ml
 HBSS or PSS, CMF Loch-Caruso, R., Pahl, M., and Juberg, D.: Rat Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells Show High Levels of Gap Junctional Communication Under a Variety of Culture Conditions, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 28, 97, 1992
Rat Rat, SHRs and WKY, male, 10 - 14 weeks Smooth muscle, tail arteries Papain: 0.1%
 HEPES buffer
(see reference)		 Bolzon, B. and Cheung, D.: Isolation and Characterization of Single Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Hypertension 14, 137, 1989
Rat Rat, 1-3 day Smooth muscle, aortic Elastase: 0.0125%
 DMEM Barone, L., Wolfe, L., Faris, B., and Franzblau, C.: Elastin mRNA Levels and Insoluble Elastin Accumulation in Neonatal Rat, Biochemistry 27, 3175, 1988
Rat Rat Muscle, mesenteric arteries Trypsin: 0.05%
 HEPES KG solution
(see reference)		 Bean, B., Sturek, M., Puga, A., and Hermsmeyer, K.: Calcium Channels in Muscle Cells Isolated From Rat Mesenteric Arteries: Modulation by Dihydropyridine Drugs, Circ Res 59, 229, 1986
Rat Rat, SHR, WKY. either sex, 12-19 day, 3 month, and retired breeders Endothelial, aortic Elastase: 0.05%
 Waymouth's culture medium Gordon, D., Mohai, L., and Schwartz, S.: Induction of Polyploidy in Cultures of Neonatal Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells, Circ Res 59, 633, 1986
Rat Rat, male, 150-250 g Endothelial, aortic Trypsin:
RPMI 1640 Cole, O., Fan, T., and Lewis, G.: Isolation, Characterization, Growth and Culture of Endothelial Cells From the Rat Aorta, Cell Biol Int Rep 10 (6), 399, 1986
Rat Rat, Wistar, female, 10 weeks Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
 HBSS Boulanger-Saunier, C., Kattenburg, D., and Stoclet, J.: Cyclic AMP-dependent Phosphorylation of a 16kDa Protein in a Plasma Membrane-enriched Fraction of Rat Aortic Myocytes, F.E.B.S. Lett. 193, 283, 1985
Rat Rat, SD, male, 200 - 250 g Smooth muscle, thoracic aorta Trypsin: 0.0375%
 Eagle's MEM with calcium Brock, T., Alexander, R., Ekstein, L., Atkinson, W., and Gimbrone, M.: Angiotensin Increases Cytosolic Free Calcium in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Hypertension 7, 105, 1985
Rat Rat, SD, 225-250g Mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells Elastase: .0125%
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.025%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 HBSS Gunther S, Alexander RW, Atkinson WJ, and Gimbrone MA Jr.: Functional angiotensin II receptors in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, J Cell Biol 92, 289, 1982
Rat Rat, 3-4 day Myocardial Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.125%
 HBSS CMF Kasten, F.: Rat Myocardial Cells In Vitro: Mitosis and Differentiated Properties, In Vitro 8, 128, 1972
Rat Rat, 200 g Muscle Trypsin: 0.05%
 Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer Kono, T.: Roles of Collagenases and Other Proteolytic Enzymes in the Dispersal of Animal Tissues, Biochim Biophys Acta 178, 397, 1969
Rat Rat, Wistar, 3-10 day Heart Trypsin NF 1:250: 250: 0.1%
 Saline A
(See reference)		 Harary, I., and Farley, B.: In Vitro Studies on Single Beating Rat Heart Cells, Exp Cell Res 29, 451, 1963